A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. The canted fastening system allows the use of a larger base circle cam for increased valvetrain stability, more lift using the same base circle, or longer stroke. Fem analysis of connecting rod of different materials. The grabcad library offers millions of free cad designs, cad files, and 3d models. The relations for obtaining the loads and accelerations for the connecting rod at a given constant speed of the crankshaft were also determined.
Geometry and dimensional tolerances of engine bearings. The function of the connecting rod is to convert linear motion. What is the location of connecting rod in an ic engine. The connecting rod and crankshaft convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotating motion. A time without the simplicity of hopping into a vehicle to take us anywhere we want to go is almost unfathomable to many americans.
The bearings of connecting rod number 2 were extremely worn and damaged and showed traces of overheating. Connecting rod is an integral component of an engine and it is classified under functional component based on its application. Topology optimization, connecting rod, finite element analysis, minimum weight, linear static method. In the above programmable output part of forging,estimated blow energy of 3 times straightening needs to be 16. The stresstime history for a few locations was obtained. Ilia et al 2005 provide the minimum ibeam area for the connecting rod for the 1. Selection of material, shape, and manufacturing process for a. Examine the connecting rod bushing for looseness or if it has moved out of place. The distortion results in nonparallel orientation of the bearing and journal.
Crackable connecting rod material selection by using topsis. The crankshaft is placed in grooves called saddles inside the engine block. Various results for each material will be studied and comparison will be made to study the improvement that occurs with reduction in weight. Additionally, one bolt of the connecting rod was broken, probably as a consequence of the crankshaft rupture. The optimization of connecting rod had already started as early year 1983 by webster and. What is the difference between connecting rod and piston rod. Dimensions and tolerances of each of them affect the bearing operation.
This layout is compact, but has mechanical disadvantages. This pressure, plus other factors, can cause the connecting rod to break. Connecting rods are commonly made from cast aluminum alloy and are designed to withstand dynamic stresses from combustion and piston movement. Based on which the high strength carbon fiber connecting rod will be compared with connecting rod made up of stainless steel and aluminum alloy. Causes of failure with a connecting rod it still runs.
Because of the compact design of cylinder block and crankshaft, the connecting rods are only 0. Its main function is to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. The main function of the connecting rod is to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft. Parts catalog 83042 compact tractors with onan engines 3016 before pin 14147800 4016 before pin 14149628 3018, 3020, 4018 4020 all index paint engines general info. Connecting rod bearings are mounted in the big end of the connecting rod. Hence the piston pin holes are fully constrained for all degrees of freedom dof.
Internal combustion engine handbook basics, components, systems, and perspectives list of chapters. Tech me, intl ananatapur dt, affiliated to jntua university, andhra pradesh, india. Therefore, rod bearings are inserted where the rod comes into contact with the crankshaft. Design and analysis of connecting rod using forged steel. The crankshaft is an essential part of the engine responsible for converting reciprocating to rotational motions. A bearing consists of two arts commonly interchangeable. Materialized optimization of connecting rod for four stroke. Dynamic load analysis and optimization of connecting rod. On every stroke, the connecting rod is stretched and compressed. Nowadays the large engines have multicylinders and the crankshaft is necessary to drive the pistons. Qbetter durability q reliability under extreme operating conditions q lower risk of catastrophic failure genuine genuine connecting rod bearing is constructed of six layers 1. It must be light and strong enough to withstand stress and twisting forces.
Feb 24, 2017 in a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. The cad files and renderings posted to this website are created, uploaded and managed by thirdparty community members. One of the important part of the combustionengine is the connecting rod, and the main purpose of the connecting rod is to transfer the energy from the pistons to crankshaft and convert the. The function of the connecting rod is to transmit the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft and translate the transverse motion to rotational motion. Connecting rod definition of connecting rod by merriamwebster. The breech bolt slide, pushed backward by the operating rod, drops the locking block and frees the breech bolt from the barrel. The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the crankshaft. The small end of the connecting rod connects to the piston with a piston pin. A connecting rod is a shaft which connects a piston to a crank or crankshaft in a reciprocating engine. Oil clearance the basic geometrical parameter of an engine bearing is the oil clearance. Overloading of an internal combustion engine due to detonation or running under high torque at low rotation speed may cause distortion of the connecting rods.
With the help of piston pin, piston and connecting rod are associated and no relative motion between piston pin and piston. These rod bearings help the connecting rods rotate the crankshaft without breaking under pressure. It acts as a linking member between piston and crank shaft. Connecting rod shape optimization tutorial autodesign. Connecting rod function is a transferred reciprocating movement of the piston to crankshaft rotational movement. Aluminum and titanium are both materials that are also used in the manufacturing of connecting rods for performance vehicles.
The crankcase halves showed evidence of fretting on the parting faces. Engine connecting rod an overview sciencedirect topics. Oct 04, 2009 connect pdf documents into one big document. Piston rod it is a rod which connects the piston to the crankshaft of the engine assembly it is usually found in all types of engines it is found in automobiles and small type of engines connecting rod it similar as the piston rod but it i.
Jun 20, 2015 introduction what is a connecting rod. The function of the connecting rod is to convert linear motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft. Coupling to the crankshaft is achieved through solid journal. These blow energy can forge high deformation so that the resultant force is very low. Connecting rods callies precision engine components. The results can be used for optimization for weight reduction and for design modification of the connecting rod. Enter ansys in the working directory specif ied by your instruct or using. Connecting rod, finite element analysis, optimization, modal analysis, materials etc. Selecting and saving a car will make browsing faster and more fun. In order to understand the true impact the automobile has had on our society, we would have to go back in time over one hundred years. Therefore, connecting rod should capable to transmit different stresses caused by thrust and pull on the piston, it must be very strong, rigid and as light as possible. Tension and compression analysis in reciprocating engine.
Join the grabcad community today to gain access and download. The connecting rod provides the mechanical linkage between piston and crankshaft and must exhibit properties of high strength, low inertial mass, and uniformity of mass with the other connecting rods attached to the crankshaft. These ideas have been mainly related to machining sequence, machine tool and new technologies for machining. Small end bushes provide relative motion of the piston relatively to the connecting rod joined to the piston by the piston pin gudgeon pin.
The analysis of the scania line together with a benchmark among different leading companies on the connecting rod manufacturing has been undertaken. The average life of a malleable iron connecting rod was 764,962 cycles at a 50% survival rate or 347,734 cycles at a 90%. Internal combustion engine handbook sae international. Materialized optimization of connecting rod for four stroke single cylinder engine 1, marthanapalli haripriya, 2, k. Therefore, design goal is a minimize mass for energy efficiency and reduce inertial force. Distorted bent or twisted connecting rod is one of the causes of localized loading of engine bearings fig. Feb 24, 2010 catia free basic online training how to design connecting rod part1 car engine step 1 duration. The function of the connecting rod also involves transmitting the thrust of the piston 1. Ordinarily, the power produced by all the connecting rods may disturb the. The main function of bearings is to reduce friction between these moving parts. These fatigue tests were performed to directly mimic the stresses a connecting rod undergoes in an engine.
In a simple language, it is a shaft with a series of crank and crank pins, which are attached to the connecting rod of the engine. It converts the linear motion of the pistons to the rotary motion of the crankshaft. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Quasidynamic finite element analysis was performed at several crank angles. Fatigue analysis of connecting rod using finite element. Engineering analysis reciprocating engine connecting rods. Small engine parts and operation penn foster college. The design of the above mentioned principal parts are discussed, in detail, in the following pages. About two orders of magnitude longer life for the forged steel connecting rod. The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. Reduction gear coupling casing and crankcase crankshaft connecting rod spacer rod plunger packing check valves bearings for crankshaft and connecting rod following figures show cross sectional drawing for typical of reciprocating pumps. The connecting rod is the mediating member between the piston and the crankshaft. A connecting rod is an engine component that transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.
Introduction connecting rods are highly dynamically loaded components used for power transmission in combustion engines. Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion. Additionally, hyundai increased the warranty for the engine short block cylinder block, crankshaft, pistons, and connecting rods to 10 years120,000 miles for both original and subsequent owners of 2011 and 2012 sonatas manufactured at hyundai. Together with the crank, it forms a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion it is the main function of a conne. Modern manufacturing process of forged connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using carbon steel. In the first part of the study, the loads acting on the connecting rod as a function of time were obtained.
Connecting rod definition is a rod that transmits motion between a reciprocating part of a machine such as a piston and a rotating part such as a crankshaft. A piston pin at the rod small end is used to attach the rod to the piston, also rides in bearings. This thesis describes designing and analysis of connecting rod. The spark plug is positioned at the top of the engine over the combustion chamber. The combustion occurs against the top surface of the piston f and pushes the connecting rod g downward, causing the shaft to move in a circular motion. The connecting rod big end is attached to the crank pin on the crank of the crankshaft by a bearing. But for the early automotive engineers, the tremendous. The crankshaft turns the pistons up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jackinthebox does.
Connecting rod shape optimization this tutorials deal with the shape optimization design problem. I would like to connect them all into one large document so that i can search all the pages at once. Agenda manufacturing of connecting rod forging vs casting defects of forging designing and manufacturing processes limitation of forging economics limitation 2 3. Technically, internal combustion engines can be categorized in many ways. The connecting rod connects the pistons to the crankshaft. Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. Understanding the primary difference between main and rod. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod bearings are designed to provide a smooth, durable surface for the part to move on. It should be strong enough to remain rigid under loading, and also be light enough to reduce the inertia forces, which are produced when the rod and piston stop, change directions and start again. Since an internal combustion engine depends on the proper function of its connecting rods, it is of utmost importance that the connecting rod. The connecting rod upper end is a trapezoidal shape to reduce oscillating masses and distribute the combustion force more evenly. A return connecting rod, return piston rod or in marine parlance double piston rod engine or backacting engine is a particular layout for a steam engine the key attribute of this layout is that the piston rod emerges from the cylinder to the crosshead, but the connecting rod then reverses direction and goes backwards to the crankshaft. A python script is included that reproduces the model using the abaqus scripting interface in abaquscae.
Connecting rod rectangular and ibeam crosssections with the assumed shape of the cross section for the connecting rod as shown in figure 2b, the cross sectional area of the ibeam section is 11 t 2. Stress analysis of connecting rod for weight reduction a. Connecting rod definition of connecting rod by the free. The function of the connecting rod is to transmit the piston thrust to the crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston, and. So, it is easy to see that the connecting rod harnesses all of the power produced in combustion and converts it into something useful, in this case a spinning shaft. Youngs modulus e 210 gpa, yield strength s y 210 mpa, poissons ratio. A rod that transmits motion or power from one moving part to another, especially the rod connecting the crankshaft of a motor vehicle to a piston. This thesis has been focused on the study of the connecting rod manufacturing process. So the bearing materials should be both strong and soft. College anantapur dt, affiliated to jntua university. Pdf a connecting rod basically connects the piston to the crankshaft whilst transmitting power of the combustion from the combustion chamber to rotate. The most common methods of distinguishing these engines include the combustion cycle, the valve.